To strengthen sentinel rotavirus surveillance in Nigeria and Indonesia and enable monitoring of trends in rotavirus hospitalizations pre- and post-vaccine introduction in order to observe the impact of rotavirus vaccines and serve as a platform for case-control evaluations of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness.

To conduct an evaluation before and two years after the introduction of the Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to study the direct and indirect impact of PCV introduction on vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among healthy Indonesian children under five years of age.

To provide laboratory support for the analysis of immunogenicity and shedding of new oral Poliovirus vaccines in human clinical trials and related issues for polio endgame.

To build capacity of community-based organizations to strengthen vaccine confidence and acceptance within target populations by supporting evidence-based science on vaccinations, vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of on-time vaccination.

To evaluate the impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule change in Mozambique on vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease; and serotype 1 colonization among patients with suspected pneumonia and serotype 1 disease among children and adults.

To assess the acceptability, safety, feasibility and cost of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) delivered as part of a ministry-led campaign in Harare, Zimbabwe. This evaluation will provide lessons learned and recommendations for future use of TCV in outbreak settings, and to inform typhoid control strategies.